Variable In Perl

Perl has three type of variables: Scalars, Arrays, and Hashes.

Scalar:

This type represent a single value:
You need to declare it use my keyword:

>> my $name = "lady gaga";

>> print "The world is full of: ", $name;

>> print "$name: ".$name;    # output: lady gaga: lady gaga

Arrays:
This represent a list of values:

>> my @name = ("lady gaga", "luna maya", "larry page");

>> my @id = (45, 98, 75, 66, 22);

>> my @mixed = ("lady gaga", 24);

To access an element, use its index:

>> print $name[0];

>> print $name[$#name];    # print the last element

More manouver:

>> @name[0,2];       # gives the 1 and the 3 element.

>> @name[0..2];      # gives the 1 to 3 elements

>> @name[0..$#name];  # gives the first till the last element

>> my @sorted = sort @name   # sorts elements

>> my @reverse = reverse @name    # reverse element

To iterate to all elements, use:

>> foreach(@name){
>>     print $_,"\n";
>> }

Hashes:

Hashes is key/value pairs. It's like assoc arrays in PHP:
>> my %name = ("lady"=>"gaga",
>>             "larry"=>"page",
>>             "aura"=>"kasih");

To access an element, use

>> print $name{"lady"};    # curly bracket, not square

To get the keys and values as an array, use:

>> my @fname = keys %name;
>> my @lname = values %name;

To iterate to all elements of the map, use:

>> foreach my $key (keys %name){
>>     print "The value of $key is $name{$key}\n";
>> } 
          

Variable In Perl